Different atoms and ions possess characteristic energy levels. Like a fingerprint, they are unique for each species. Among ...

Where does the periodic table of chemical elements end and which processes lead to the existence of heavy elements? Researchers report on experiments to come closer to an answer. They gained insight ...

Crystallography is the science of analyzing the pattern produced by shining an X-ray beam through a material sample. A powder sample produces a different pattern than solid crystal. One longstanding ...

Materials scientists can learn a lot about a sample material by shooting lasers at it. With nonlinear optical microscopy—a specialized imaging technique that looks for a change in the color of intense ...

You probably learned in high school chemistry class that core electrons don't participate in chemical bonding. They're thought to be too deep inside an atom and close to the nucleus to meaningfully ...

Where does the periodic table of chemical elements end and which processes lead to the existence of heavy elements? An international research team reports on experiments performed at the GSI/FAIR ...