The semiconductor manufacturing process involves many steps, including, but not limited to, film deposition, photolithography, etching, and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Contamination can ...

In the future, quantum computers are anticipated to solve problems once thought unsolvable, from predicting the course of ...

A team of physicists has coaxed a single, photon-like particle into behaving as if it lives in 37 different quantum ...

Particle measurements in ultra-pure water (UPW) systems can take a long time to return to a stable baseline after normal operations are interrupted by an event such as maintenance shutdowns. A ...

Environmental system designers are frequently asked where to position sample points for particle monitoring, whether it is conducted in a clean device (Isolator, RABS, etc.) or a pharmaceutical ...

Power functional theory is a new approach that makes it possible to describe precisely the dynamics of many-particle systems over time. Physicists at the University of Bayreuth are among the ...

Physicists at the University of Bayreuth are among the international pioneers of power functional theory. This new approach makes it possible for the first time to precisely describe the dynamics of ...

Quantum dynamics—the study of how particles behave and interact in a quantum system—has long fascinated physicists due to its puzzling and sometimes bizarre behaviors. Unlike classical systems, where ...