Fuzzy Fredholm integral equations represent a class of mathematical problems in which uncertainty is incorporated directly into the model via fuzzy numbers. These equations extend the classical ...

Maths Integrals Formulas: The CBSE Class 12 mathematics course is heavily focused on calculus, and Chapter 7 Integrals is one of the lengthiest and most important chapters on the topic. Integrals is ...

Stochastic Volterra integral equations provide a powerful framework for modelling systems in which memory effects and hereditary properties play a central role. These equations extend the classical ...

Analogue computer: Brian Edwards (left), Nader Engheta (centre) and Nasim Mohammadi Estakhri show-off their microwave protoype. (Courtesy: Eric Sucar/University of Pennsylvania) Metamaterials have ...

When integrating simple expressions, the constant of integration, the \(+ c\) term, may remain an unknown. The value of \(c\) can be worked out when additional information is given in the question, .

SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Mar., 1970), pp. 47-66 (20 pages) Linear one step methods of a novel design are given for the numerical solution of stiff systems of ordinary ...