After decades of rising global economic integration, the world economy is now fragmenting. To measure this phenomenon, we introduce an index of geopolitical fragmentation derived from various ...

Introduction : habitat fragmentation and western birds / T. Luke George and David S. Dobkin -- Multi-scale perspective of the effects of forest fragmentation on birds in eastern forests / Frank R.

When dams are built they have an impact not only on the flow of water in the river, but also on the people who live downstream and on the surrounding ecosystems. By placing data from close to 6,500 ...