During chemical reactions, atoms in the reacting substances break their bonds and re-arrange, forming different chemical ...

Traditional electron microscopy techniques include scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where electrons that interact with the sample are imaged. 4 The ...

What Is A Single Electron Transistor? A single electron transistor (SET) is a transistor that operates on the principles of quantum mechanics and utilises the behaviour of single electrons. It differs ...

Fig. 1. The dielectric response models for conventional dielectric materials and for metamaterials. For conventional dielectric materials, there are three types of polarization models: Drude model for ...

A light pulse redirects electrons in an ultrathin layered material, creating a stable new state without heat or damage and suggesting a low-energy route to faster electronics. (Nanowerk Spotlight) ...

Porphyrin complexes are renowned for their remarkable ability to mediate electron transfer processes, a feature that underpins critical functions in biological systems and offers promising ...

A ‘hole’ arises due to a missing electron in the valence band, which normally participates in covalent bonding between atoms. The absence of an electron creates a local absence of a negative charge, ...