Koch, who studied vision, thought that by measuring people's brain responses as they looked at special optical illusions, ...

In Newen and Montemayor’s evolutionary framework, basic arousal developed first. It’s like nature’s security alarm, warning ...

From a renowned Vedic scholar, leader of the Maharishi Foundations, and Harvard-trained neuroscientist: a radical new paradigm for understanding Consciousness and finding enlightenment, peace, and ...

This column was composed in part by incorporating responses from a large-language model, a type of artificial intelligence program. The human species has long grappled with the question of what makes ...

Understanding how the brain creates conscious experience remains one of science’s most difficult challenges. Brain scans and ...

Consciousness could be a fundamental part of reality, like gravity or matter, according to this controversial theory.

This is Part 4 of a four-part series on What Actually Are Emotions? “Understanding the cognitive basis of emotional experience is a subset of the problem of understanding the cognitive foundations of ...

An image generated by prompts to Google Gemini. (Courtesy of Joe Nalven) This column was composed in part by incorporating responses from a large-language model, a type of artificial intelligence ...