From the recently collected papillary calculi, four patients with chronic stone formation requiring retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) were selected. All these patients have previously spontaneously ...
Prior to the development of ESWL or instruments suitable for ureteroscopy, management of ureteral calculi was limited to open ureterolithotomy, blind basketry, or "wait-and-see" observation in hopes ...
Urinary tract stones and urinary tract infection are strongly associated. Infection is implicated as the cause of stones in about 15% of stone formers, and the development of infection can complicate ...
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