Photo: Niels Bohr's research notes for his new atomic theory Rutherford's find came from a very strange experience. Everyone at that time imagined the atom as a "plum pudding." That is, it was roughly ...

Different atoms and ions possess characteristic energy levels. Like a fingerprint, they are unique for each species. Among ...

Relativistic atomic structure and spectroscopy address the complex interplay of quantum mechanics and Einstein’s theory of relativity to describe the behaviour of electrons in atoms, particularly ...

What is Atom Probe Tomography? Atom Probe Tomography (APT) is a powerful analytical technique that provides three-dimensional (3D) imaging and chemical composition analysis of materials at the atomic ...

What is X-Ray Crystallography? X-ray crystallography is a powerful analytical technique used to determine the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials. It involves directing a beam of X ...